編譯|未玖
Science, 20 NOV 2025, VOL 390, ISSUE 6775
《科學》2025年11月20日，第390卷，6775期
物理學Physics
Realization of a Rydberg-dressed extended Bose-Hubbard model
里德堡修飾助力擴展玻色-哈伯德模型
▲ 作者：PASCAL WECKESSER, KRITSANA SRAKAEW, TIZIAN BLATZ, DAVID WEI, DANIEL ADLER, SUCHITA AGRAWAL, ET AL.
▲鏈接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adq7082
▲摘要：
量子多體系統中不同長度尺度的競爭導致了關聯動力學和非局域有序等現象。為了在一個基于晶格的巡回量子模擬器中研究這種效應，學界提出使用里德堡態的非諧振光學耦合來引入可調諧的擴展相互作用，稱為里德堡修飾。
在這項工作中，研究組使用這種方法實現了一個有效的一維擴展玻色-哈伯德模型。利用自研量子氣體顯微鏡，探測了擴展范圍排斥性束縛對和“硬棒”結構的非平衡關聯動力學。
相比之下，在接近平衡時，當絕熱開啟擴展相互作用時，研究組觀察到密度有序現象。該研究結果為實現光控擴展相互作用的量子多體系統奠定了基礎。
▲ Abstract：
The competition of different length scales in quantum many-body systems leads to phenomena such as correlated dynamics and nonlocal order. To investigate such effects in an itinerant lattice-based quantum simulator, it has been proposed to introduce tunable extended-range interactions using off-resonant optical coupling to Rydberg states, known as Rydberg dressing. In this work, we use this approach to realize an effective one-dimensional extended Bose-Hubbard model. Harnessing our quantum gas microscope, we probe the correlated out-of-equilibrium dynamics of extended-range repulsively bound pairs and “hard rods.” By contrast, operating near equilibrium, we observe density ordering when adiabatically turning on the extended-range interactions. Our results pave the way to realizing light-controlled extended-range interacting quantum many-body systems.
材料科學Materials Science
Atomic layer bonding contacts in two-dimensional semiconductors
二維半導體中的原子層鍵合接觸
▲ 作者：LI GAO, ZHANGYI CHEN, ZHENGHUI FANG, SHUCAO LU, XIAOFU WEI, HE JIANG, ET AL.
▲鏈接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adz2405
▲摘要：
二維半導體與金屬之間的范德華接觸由于帶耦合弱、鍵強度低，始終遜于半導體工業中使用的共價鍵接觸。
研究組通過在過渡金屬二硫化物的過渡金屬原子層與金屬間構建金屬相干鍵合界面，報道了具有強帶耦合和高界面內聚力的原子層鍵合（ALB）接觸。這種接觸構型表現出超低的接觸電阻和杰出的熱機械穩定性，可與共價鍵接觸相媲美，并超越了所有已報道的接觸構型。
在單層二硫化鉬和金體系中形成的ALB接觸顯示出70歐姆-微米的接觸電阻和高達400℃的熱機械穩定性，高溫退火后的最大導通電流為1.1毫安/微米，所有這些都符合工業集成的需求。
▲ Abstract：
Van der Waals contact between two-dimensional semiconductors and metals has always been inferior to covalent bond contacts used in semiconductor industry because of weak band coupling and low bond strength. Here, we report an atomic layer bonding (ALB) contact with strong band coupling and high interfacial cohesion by establishing a metallic coherent bonding interface between the transition-metal atomic layer of transition-metal dichalcogenides and metals. This contact exhibits ultralow contact resistance and superb thermomechanical stability, comparable to those of covalent bond contacts and surpassing all reported contact configurations. ALB contact formed in monolayer molybdenum disulfide and gold demonstrates a contact resistance of 70 ohm-micrometers and thermomechanical stability up to 400°C and delivers a maximum on-current of 1.1 milliamperes per micrometer after high-temperature annealing, all of which meet industrial integration.
Increasing the dimensionality of transistors with hydrogels
用水凝膠拓展晶體管的維度
▲ 作者：DINGYAO LIU, JING BAI, XINYU TIAN, YAN WANG, BINBIN CUI, SHILEI DAI, ET AL.
▲鏈接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adx4514
▲摘要：
晶體管是現代電子學的基礎，傳統上為剛性、平面和二維（2D）結構，這限制了其與生物系統的柔軟、不規則的和三維（3D）性質的集成。
研究組報道了一種3D半導體，集成了有機電子學、軟物質和電化學技術。這些3D半導體以水凝膠的形式實現了毫米級的調控厚度，同時實現了組織般的柔軟性和生物相容性。調控厚度的這一突破通過模板化的雙網絡水凝膠系統實現，其中次級多孔水凝膠引導初級氧化還原活性導電水凝膠的3D組裝。
研究組證明了這些3D半導體能夠獨家制造模擬真實神經元連接的3D空間互穿晶體管。這項工作彌合了2D電子學和3D生命系統之間的差距，為生物混合傳感和神經形態計算等高級生物電子系統開辟了途徑。
▲ Abstract：
Transistors, fundamental to modern electronics, are traditionally rigid, planar, and two-dimensional (2D), limiting their integration with the soft, irregular, and three-dimensional (3D) nature of biological systems. Here, we report 3D semiconductors, integrating organic electronics, soft matter, and electrochemistry. These 3D semiconductors, in the form of hydrogels, realize millimeter-scale modulation thickness while achieving tissue-like softness and biocompatibility. This breakthrough in modulation thickness is enabled by a templated double-network hydrogel system, where a secondary porous hydrogel guides the 3D assembly of a primary redox-active conducting hydrogel. We demonstrate that these 3D semiconductors enable the exclusive fabrication of 3D spatially interpenetrated transistors that mimic real neuronal connections. This work bridges the gap between 2D electronics and 3D living systems, paving the way for advanced bioelectronics systems such as biohybrid sensing and neuromorphic computing.
A cross-linked molecular contact for stable operation of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells
鈣鈦礦/硅疊層太陽能電池穩定運行的交聯分子接觸
▲ 作者：BOXUE ZHANG, JUNSHENG LUO, HAOMIAO YIN, QING LI, SIQI SUN, NINGXUAN ZHANG, ET AL.
▲鏈接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ady6874
▲摘要：
單片鈣鈦礦/硅疊層太陽能電池超越了單結太陽能電池的功率轉換效率極限，但在運行穩定性方面仍存在挑戰。
研究組確定在最先進疊層電池結構中，填充因子減少是一種關鍵的性能損失模式。他們發現，廣泛使用的空穴選擇性分子接觸可提高串聯電池的性能，但會經歷熱降解，從而破壞電荷傳輸。在高溫下，由于熱致失序，傳統單體接觸的電阻將增加約六倍。
為了穩定界面結構，研究組引入了基于席夫堿鍵的原位合成交聯分子接觸。使用該技術的一平方厘米鈣鈦礦/硅疊層太陽能電池的功率轉換效率超過34%（經認證為33.61%），三組獨立器件在65℃、AM1.5G光照、最大功率點運行約1200小時后，仍可保持初始性能的96.2±1.7%。
▲ Abstract：
Monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells surpass the power-conversion efficiency limits of single-junction solar cells but face challenges in operational stability. We identified fill factor diminution as a key performance-loss mode in the state-of-the-art tandem architecture. We reveal that widely used hole-selective molecular contacts, which enhance tandem cell performance, undergo thermal degradation that undermines charge transport. At elevated temperatures, the resistance of conventional monomeric contacts increases by about sixfold because of thermal-induced disorder. To stabilize interfacial structures, we introduce in situ synthesized cross-linked molecular contacts based on Schiff base linkages. One-square-centimeter perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells achieved power-conversion efficiencies exceeding 34% (33.61% certified), and three independent devices retained 96.2 ± 1.7% of their initial performance after about 1200-hour maximum power point operation under AM1.5G illumination at 65°C.
化學Chemistry
An anion-binding approach to enantioselective photoredox catalysis
陰離子結合法助力對映選擇性光氧化還原催化
▲ 作者：PETRA VOJáKOVá AND ERIC N. JACOBSEN
▲鏈接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adz3362
▲摘要：
光氧化還原催化已成為合成化學中的一種變革性策略，通過生成高活性的自由基中間體，可實現各種有價值的化學反應。
手性反陰離子與陽離子自由基中間體配對為控制各種反應性環境下的絕對立體化學提供了一種潛在通用的工具。然而，離子對效應對光誘導過程效率和自由基離子對反應性的影響嚴重限制了可有效參與的手性陰離子范圍。
研究組報道了中性手性小分子氫鍵供體與陽離子自由基中間體的反陰離子結合，可通過離子對和其他非共價相互作用來實現對映選擇性。將該策略應用于富電子烯烴底物的四類不同的環加成反應，成功制備了具有高達99%對映體過量的四個新手性中心的環狀產物。
▲ Abstract：
Photoredox catalysis has emerged as a transformative strategy in synthetic chemistry, enabling a wide variety of valuable chemical reactions through generation of highly reactive radical ion intermediates. Pairing chiral counteranions with cation radical intermediates provides a potentially generalizable tool for controlling absolute stereochemistry in various reactivity contexts. However, ion-pairing effects on the efficiency of photoinduced processes and the reactivity of radical ion pairs impose severe limits on the chiral anions that can be engaged effectively. In this study, we report that association of neutral chiral small-molecule hydrogen-bond donors with the counteranions of cation radical intermediates can achieve enantioselectivity through ion-pairing and other noncovalent interactions. Applications to four different classes of cycloaddition reactions of electron-rich alkene substrates provide cyclic products with up to four new stereocenters in up to 99% enantiomeric excess.
地球科學Earth Science
The Moon-forming impactor Theia originated from the inner Solar System
形成月球的撞擊物忒伊亞起源于太陽系內部
▲ 作者：TIMO HOPP, NICOLAS DAUPHAS, MAUD BOYET, SETH A. JACOBSON AND THORSTEN KLEINE
▲鏈接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ado0623
▲摘要：
月球由一顆名為“忒伊亞”的行星體與原始地球的巨大撞擊形成。目前尚不清楚忒伊亞是在太陽系內部還是外部形成的。
研究組測量了月球樣品、陸地巖石和隕石（代表忒伊亞和原始地球可能形成時的同位素庫）中的鐵同位素組成。地球和月球的鐵同位素組成與質量無關，難以區分；兩者都定義了隕石測量范圍的一端。
將該結果與其他元素的分析結果結合，研究組對忒伊亞和原始地球進行了質量平衡計算。結果發現忒伊亞的全部物質和地球上的大部分其他組成物質都來自太陽系內部。該計算結果表明，忒伊亞可能形成于比地球更靠近太陽的位置。
▲ Abstract：
The Moon formed from a giant impact of a planetary body, called Theia, with proto-Earth. It is unknown whether Theia formed in the inner or outer Solar System. We measured iron isotopes in lunar samples, terrestrial rocks, and meteorites representing the isotopic reservoirs from which Theia and proto-Earth might have formed. Earth and the Moon have indistinguishable mass-independent iron isotopic compositions; both define one end of the range measured in meteorites. Combining our results with those for other elements, we performed mass balance calculations for Theia and proto-Earth. We found that all of Theia and most of Earth’s other constituent materials originated from the inner Solar System. Our calculations suggest that Theia might have formed closer to the Sun than Earth did.
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