編譯|馮維維
SCIENCE, 23 OCT 2025, VOLUME 390, ISSUE 6771
《科學》2025年10月23日，第390卷，6771期
生命科學 Life Science
Positive affective contagion in bumble bees
熊蜂中的積極情感傳染
▲ 作者：JOSé E. ROMERO-GONZáLEZ, ZHENWEI ZHUO, LULU CHEN, CHAOYANG PENG, CWYN SOLVI , AND FEI PENG
▲ 鏈接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adr0216
▲摘要：
情感傳染是共情的一個核心組成部分，已在社會性脊椎動物中得到廣泛證實，但其是否存在于任何無脊椎動物中尚屬未知。
研究者采用認知偏差范式，證明了熊蜂中存在積極的情感傳染。在使用不同強化物的彩色花朵上接受訓練后，與處于積極情感狀態的同種蜜蜂互動過的蜜蜂，比對照組更快且更有可能降落在顏色模棱兩可的花朵上，這表明積極判斷偏好在蜜蜂之間發生了轉移。
額外的觀察和實驗表明，情感可以在蜜蜂之間無需身體接觸即可傳遞，即僅通過視覺模態。研究結果表明，情感傳染可能是一種在社會性脊椎動物和社會性昆蟲中都存在的、在進化上廣泛存在的機制。
▲ Abstract：
Affective contagion, a core component of empathy, has been widely characterized in social vertebrates but its existence in any invertebrate is unknown. Using a cognitive bias paradigm we demonstrate positive affective contagion in bumble bees. After being trained on colored flowers with different reinforcements, bees that interacted with a conspecific in a positive affective state were quicker and more likely than controls to land on ambiguous colored flowers, indicating the transfer of a positive judgment bias between bees. Additional observations and experiments showed that affect could be transmitted between bees without physical contact, i.e., through visual modality alone. Our findings suggest that affective contagion may be an evolutionarily widespread mechanism present in both social vertebrates and social insects.
Unsaturated fat alters clock phosphorylation to align rhythms to the season in mice
不飽和脂肪通過改變時鐘蛋白磷酸化使小鼠節律與季節同步
▲ 作者：DANIEL C. LEVINE, RASMUS H. REEH, THOMAS MCMAHON, THOMAS MANDRUP-POULSEN, YING-HUI FU, AND LOUIS J. PTá?EK
▲ 鏈接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adp30659527-5
▲摘要：
生物鐘幫助生物體與全年的晝夜循環和日照長度季節性變化保持同步。然而，這些時鐘也對外部信號作出反應，使其能夠進行相應調整。研究者報告稱，除了對光線變化作出反應外，小鼠也對飲食成分的季節性變化作出反應。在夏季，動物從飲食中攝取更多脂肪。
他們發現，高脂肪飲食，特別是多不飽和脂肪酸，能增強動物對夏季較長光照周期的同步能力，但降低了它們對冬季較短光照周期的同步速率。這種同步需要生物鐘組件——PERIOD2蛋白發生磷酸化。
▲ Abstract：
Circadian clocks help organisms stay in sync with day-night cycles and seasonal changes in day length throughout the year. However, these clocks also respond to external signals, enabling them to adjust in turn. Levine et al. report that in addition to responding to changes in light, mice respond to seasonal changes in dietary components. In summer, animals have more access to fats in their diet. The authors found that a diet high in fat, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids, enhanced the animals’ entrainment to a longer summerlike light cycle but decreased their rate of entrainment to a winter-like shorter light cycle. The entrainment required phosphorylation of a circadian clock component, the PERIOD2 protein.
Predicting protein-protein interactions in the human proteome
預測人類蛋白質組中的蛋白質-蛋白質相互作用
▲ 作者：JING ZHANG, IAN R. HUMPHREYS, JIMIN PEI, JINUK KIM, CHULWON CHOI, RONGQING YUAN, JESSE DURHAM, SIQI LIU, HEE-JUNG CHOI, AND QIAN CONG, etc.
▲鏈接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adt1630
▲摘要：
分子生物學領域的一項重大挑戰是理解生物體內哪些蛋白質會與其他蛋白質發生相互作用，理想情況下還需達到高分辨率精度。研究者開發了一種用于預測蛋白質復合物結構的深度學習模型，并將其應用于人類相互作用組。
他們的方法包括處理來自可用基因組的額外數據，并利用這些數據來補充多序列比對。他們還添加了從AlphaFold2預測結果中提取的域-域相互作用信息。該模型為約5500種先前未知的人類蛋白質相互作用提供了預測結構，其中涉及參與免疫、代謝和細胞信號傳導的蛋白質。
▲ Abstract：
A grand challenge in molecular biology is understanding which proteins in an organism interact with which other proteins, ideally with high-resolution accuracy. Zhang et al. developed a deep learning model for predicting protein complex structures and applied it to the human interactome. Their method involves processing additional data from available genomes and using it to supplement multiple sequence alignments. They also added information from domain-domain interactions extracted from AlphaFold2 predictions. Their model provides predicted structures for about 5500 previously unknown interactions of human proteins, including proteins involved in immunity, metabolism, and cell signaling.
物理學Physics
Nonlinear wave dynamics on a chip
芯片上的非線性波動力學
▲ 作者：MATTHEW T. REEVES, WALTER W. WASSERMAN, RAYMOND A. HARRISON, IGOR MARINKOVI?, NICOLE LUU, ANDREAS SAWADSKY, YASMINE L. SFENDLA, GLEN I. HARRIS, WARWICK P. BOWEN, AND CHRISTOPHER G. BAKER
▲鏈接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ady3042
▲摘要：
淺水波是非線性流體動力學的一個顯著例子，會引發海嘯和波浪起伏等現象。這類動力學通常需要在數百米長的波浪水槽中進行研究。研究者展示了一種芯片級波浪水槽，它利用納米厚度的超流氦薄膜和光機械相互作用，實現了超越極端陸地水流的非線性效應。
測量結果揭示了波陡化、沖擊波陣面和孤立波裂變等非線性行為——這些是理論預測在超流氦中會出現但從未被直接觀測到的現象。
該方法能夠實現光刻定義的波浪水槽幾何形狀、對流體動力學特性的光機械控制，以及比陸地水槽快數個數量級的測量速度。這種結合了量子流體和納米光子學的方法，為在微觀尺度探索復雜波動力學提供了一個平臺。
▲ Abstract：
Shallow-water waves are a notable example of nonlinear hydrodynamics, giving rise to phenomena such as tsunamis and undular waves. These dynamics are typically studied in hundreds-of-meters-long wave flumes. In this work, we demonstrate a chip-scale wave flume, which exploits nanometer-thick superfluid helium films and optomechanical interactions to achieve nonlinearities surpassing those of extreme terrestrial flows. Measurements reveal wave steepening, shock fronts, and solitary wave fission—nonlinear behaviors predicted in superfluid helium but never directly observed. Our approach enables lithography-defined wave flume geometries, optomechanical control of hydrodynamic properties, and orders-of-magnitude faster measurements than terrestrial flumes. This approach combining quantum fluids and nanophotonics provides a platform to explore complex wave dynamics at the microscale.
Room-temperature charge localization in ion-coupled bilayer transistors
離子耦合雙層晶體管中的室溫電荷局域化
▲ 作者：MENGYU GAO, HANYU HONG, SICHENG FAN, TOMOJIT CHOWDHURY, ZEHRA NAQVI, JINGYUAN GE, CE LIANG, YU HAN AND JIWOONG PARK, etc
▲鏈接：
https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.ady7969
▲摘要：
控制固體中可移動電荷的局域化能夠促成相關物理現象的發現，但要將其應用于下一代電子器件的開發，則需要在實用條件下實現這種控制。
研究者報告了在高質量雙層晶體管中實現了室溫下可切換的電荷局域化，該晶體管結構包含一層單層分子晶體置于單層半導體之上。通過使用離子柵極，他們選擇性地填充了局域化的分子態或半導體能帶態，在高達每平方厘米3×1013的電荷密度下實現了從可移動電荷到完全局域化的轉變。
這一轉變通過耦合電子-離子偶極子的形成在能量上得到穩定，并且可通過庫侖工程進行調控。這些特性進一步實現了無需替代摻雜劑的單能帶雙極性晶體管，展示了電子-離子關聯在實際電子應用中的潛力。
▲ Abstract：
Controlling the localization of mobile charges in solids enables the discovery of correlated physical phenomena, but applying it for the development of next-generation electronics requires achieving such control under practical conditions. In this study, we report room-temperature, switchable charge localization in high-quality bilayer transistors that comprise a monolayer of molecular crystal on top of a monolayer semiconductor. By using an ion gate, we selectively populated either localized molecular states or semiconductor band states, achieving complete localization from mobile charges at densities up to 3 ×1013 per square centimeter. This transition was energetically stabilized by the formation of coupled electron-ion dipoles, which could be tuned through Coulomb engineering. These properties further enabled single-band ambipolar transistor operation without substitutional dopants, demonstrating the potential of electron-ion correlations for practical electronic applications.
Observation of the distribution of nuclear magnetization in a molecule
分子中核磁化分布的觀測
▲ 作者：S. G. WILKINS, S. M. UDRESCU, M. ATHANASAKIS-KAKLAMANAKIS, R. F. GARCIA RUIZ, M. AU, I. BELO?EVI?, R. BERGER, M. L. BISSELL, A. A. BREIER , AND C. ZüLCH
▲鏈接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adm7717
▲摘要：
對分子的精確實驗控制與探測，以及對其結構的理論計算，正在豐富核物理與粒子物理現象的研究。含有重的、八極形變核（如鐳）的分子尤其引人關注。
研究者報道了對放射性分子氟化鐳（225Ra19F）結構的精密激光光譜測量與理論計算結果。我們的研究結果揭示了電子-原子核短程相互作用的精細細節，表明該分子對鐳核內部的磁化分布具有高度敏感性。
這些結果為核體積內電子波函數描述的準確性提供了嚴格的檢驗，凸顯了此類分子在研究亞原子現象方面的適用性。
▲ Abstract：
Precise experimental control and interrogation of molecules and calculations of their structure are enriching the investigation of nuclear and particle physics phenomena. Molecules containing heavy, octupole-deformed nuclei, such as radium, are of particular interest. Here, we report precision laser spectroscopy measurements and theoretical calculations of the structure of the radioactive radium monofluoride molecule 225Ra19F. Our results reveal fine details of the short-range electron-nucleus interaction, indicating the high sensitivity of this molecule to the distribution of magnetization, within the radium nucleus. These results provide a stringent test of the description of the electronic wave function inside the nuclear volume, highlighting the suitability of these molecules for investigating subatomic phenomena.
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